The fifth Conference to promote the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) concluded on 18 September 2007 with urgent calls to hold-out States to sign and ratify the Treaty.

Representatives of 106 States, including two non-signatory States, participated in the two-day Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the CTBT that took place in the former imperial palace Hofburg in the centre of Vienna, Austria. A total of 43 States addressed the Conference, including 33 State Ratifiers, nine State Signatories and the two non-signatory States, Pakistan and Barbados. Pakistan, which enjoys observer status, spoke for the first time since 1999 in this Conference.

In attendance were seven of the ten Annex 2 States, whose ratification is needed for entry into force of the CTBT but who have not yet ratified the Treaty. These States are China, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India and the United States of America were not represented.

A strongly worded Final Declaration was adopted by consensus on the final day of the Conference with a clear political message in support of the Treaty. It described the ban on nuclear testing as an "effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects".

Ratifiers and Signatories expressed their concern that the Treaty had not entered into force eleven years after its opening for signature on 24 September 1996. Developments since the 2005 Conference "make entry into force of the Treaty more urgent today than ever before" , States said.